ACID-BASE TITRATION

INPUT   DATA ♥ EXAMPLE Of Input/Output

Title  

NaOH + HCl ===> NaCl + H2O  
NaOH + H2SO4 ===> Na2SO4 + 2H2O  
Ba(OH)2 + 2HNO3 ===> Ba(NO3)2 + 2H2O  

Volume of base   mL  
Molarity of base   mol/L  
Volume of acid   mL  

     Reset

OUTPUT   VARIABLES   &   GRAPHS

Variables   Values   Units
 ♦  Moles of base   10-3mol  
 ♦  Moles of acid   10-3mol  
 ♦  Molarity of acid   mol/L  
THEORY  &   FORMULAE

Acid-Base Reaction

Standard acid-base reactions, also known as neutralisation reactions, leads to the production of a salt and water:
acid + base ===> salt + water

Titration involves the progressive addition of one reactant from a burette (usually the acid), to a known volume of the other reactant in a conical flask (usually the base). Titration stops when the equivalence point (endpoint) is reached, i.e. when mole of H+ ions equals the moles OH-. An indicator (eg litmus dye) is used to show the equivalence point.

The calculator here considers three selectable reactions:
   • NaOH + HCl ===> NaCl + H2O  
   • NaOH + H2SO4 ===> Na2SO4 + 2H2O  
   • Ba(OH)2 + 2HNO3 ===> Ba(NO3)2 + 2H2O  
involving one of two bases: sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and barium hydroxide (Ba(OH)2) and one of three acids: sulfuric acid (H2SO4), hydrochloric acid (HCl) and nitric acid (HNO3). The required number of moles in the acid or base solution is given by the relation:
number of moles = (molar concentration) x (number of liters);

Also, the two solutions will react exactly with each other if they contain the same number of equivalents, e.g. the balanced equation shows that 1 mole of barium hydroxide is equivalent to 2 moles of nitric acid.

Tips

    ◊ Use link EXAMPLE Of Input/Output  to demo data entry expectations and results; you may edit & use it as starting point

BIBLIOGRAPHY